Introduction Lactate inflection point (LIP) is the exercise intensity at which the blood concentration of lactate and/or lactic acid begins to increase rapidly. It is often expressed as 85% of maximum heart rate or 75% of maximum oxygen intake. When exercising at or below the lactate threshold, any lactate produced by the muscles is removed… Read More
Introduction Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a syndrome in which disordered eating (or low energy availability), amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea (in women), and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) are present. It is caused by eating too little food to support the amount of energy being expended by an athlete, often at the urging of… Read More
Introduction Aerobic exercise (also known as endurance activities, cardio or cardio-respiratory exercise) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. “Aerobic” is defined as “relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen”, and refers to the use of oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism adequately.… Read More
Introduction Some workouts are tougher than others and completing them means digging deep into your reserves for that last grain of willpower. At least when you are done, you can pat yourself on the back and look forward to uploading your workout stats to Strava, for example. But what happens if you are struggling to… Read More
“Leadership presupposes two things:– A leader, and men capable of being led. A stag cannot lead an army of lions; a lion cannot persuade an army of stags to follow. What then is required? A lion leading lions. In other words, the qualities of leader and led are very similar. The chief of these qualities… Read More
“We have resolved to endure the unendurable and suffer what is unsufferable.” Emperor Hirohito (1901 to 1989) Hirohito, original name Michinomiya Hirohito and posthumous name Shōwa, was emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. He was the longest-reigning monarch in Japan’s history. There is still considerable debate on the exact nature and… Read More
Migratory birds are extraordinary endurance athletes – and their feats require some serious preparation. In the weeks before take-off, many undergo extreme physiological changes (Vernimmen, 2017). Most obviously, they load up on fats. In many cases, that means temporarily supersizing their digestive organs to ingest as much food as possible. Then, immediately before departure, they shrink their digestive organs to… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 