Introduction Cyberwarfare is the use of cyber attacks against an enemy state, causing comparable harm to actual warfare and/or disrupting vital computer systems. Some intended outcomes could be espionage, sabotage, propaganda, manipulation or economic warfare. There is significant debate among experts regarding the definition of cyberwarfare, and even if such a thing exists. One view… Read More
Introduction Cyberspace holds the world captive, encompassing everything from personal messages and military dispatches to critical infrastructure and everyday devices. It extends to power grids, hospitals, transportation systems, and even home appliances. In today’s interconnected world, cyber-attacks pose one of the greatest global threats. This can include everything from the devastating consequences of hacking for… Read More
Introduction Hybrid warfare is a theory of military strategy, first proposed by Frank Hoffman, which employs political warfare and blends conventional warfare, irregular warfare, and cyberwarfare with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy, lawfare and foreign electoral intervention. By combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts, the aggressor intends to avoid attribution or retribution.… Read More
Introduction The military-digital complex (MDC) is the militarisation of cyber operations by governments and corporations, often through monetary relationships between computer programmers in private companies and the military to combat the threat of cyber terrorism and warfare. Cyber operations since 2000 have increased dramatically, with the recent branch of the US Strategic Command the United… Read More
“The goal of this kind of warfare will encompass more than merely using means that involve the force of arms to control the enemy to accept one’s own will. Rather, the goal should be to use all means whatsoever-means that involve the force of arms and means that do not involve the force of arms,… Read More
“If the tools of warfare are no longer tanks and artillery, but rather computer viruses and microbots, then we can no longer say that nations are the only armed groups or that soldiers are the only ones in the possession of the tools of war.” Alvin Toffler (1928 to 2016) & Heidi Toffler (1929 to… Read More
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