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What was the Plan Dog Memo (1940)?

Introduction The Plan Dog memorandum was a 1940 American government document written by Chief of Naval Operations Harold Stark. It has been called “one of the best known documents of World War II.” Confronting the problem of an expected two-front war against Germany and Italy in Europe and Japan in the Pacific, the memo set… Read More

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What where the US Colour-Coded War Plans?

Introduction During the 1920s and 1930s, the United States military Joint Army and Navy Board developed a number of color-coded war plans that outlined potential US strategies for a variety of hypothetical war scenarios. The plans, developed by the Joint Planning Committee (which later became the Joint Chiefs of Staff), were officially withdrawn in 1939… Read More

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What was War Plan Black?

Introduction One of the United States colour-coded war plans, War Plan Black was the name of an American military plan to fight Germany in the early 20th century. Background The best-known version was conceived as a contingency plan during World War I in case France fell and the Germans attempted to seize French possessions in… Read More

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What were the Imperial German Plans for the Invasion of the US?

Introduction Imperial German plans for the invasion of the United States were ordered by staff officers from 1897 to 1903 as training exercises in planning for war. The hypothetical operations was supposed to force the US to bargain from a weak position and to sever its growing economic and political connections in the Pacific Ocean,… Read More