What was War Plan Black?

Introduction One of the United States colour-coded war plans, War Plan Black was the name of an American military plan to fight Germany in the early 20th century. Background The best-known version was conceived as a contingency plan during World War I in case France fell and the Germans attempted to seize French possessions in… Read More

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What were the Imperial German Plans for the Invasion of the US?

Introduction Imperial German plans for the invasion of the United States were ordered by staff officers from 1897 to 1903 as training exercises in planning for war. The hypothetical operations was supposed to force the US to bargain from a weak position and to sever its growing economic and political connections in the Pacific Ocean,… Read More

Magical Talisman…

“Courage and perseverance have a magical talisman, before which difficulties disappear and obstacles vanish into air.” John Quincy Adams (1767 to 1848) John Quincy Adams, byname Old Man Eloquent, was the sixth president of the United States (1825-29) and eldest son of President John Adams. In his pre-presidential years he was one of America’s greatest… Read More

A Means for Peace…

“I have never advocated war except as a means for peace.” Ulysses S. Grant (1706 to 1790) Also called Ben Franklin, pseudonym Richard Saunders, he was an American printer and publisher, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat. One of the foremost of the Founding Fathers, Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence and was one… Read More

Good & Bad, War & Peace…

“There never was a good war or a bad peace.” Benjamin Franklin (1706 to 1790) Also called Ben Franklin, pseudonym Richard Saunders, he was an American printer and publisher, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat. One of the foremost of the Founding Fathers, Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence and was one of its… Read More

A Fortunate Result…

“In all honesty, we didn’t achieve our main objective. As for making an impact on the United States, it had not been our intention – but it turned out to be a fortunate result.” Tran Do (1923 to 2002), speaking about the Tet Offensive A retired general, decorated Vietnam War veteran and former head of… Read More