Changing: History & Warfare

“Throughout the entire course of history, warfare is always changing.” André Beaufre (1902-1975) André Beaufre was a French Army officer and military strategist who attained the grade of Général d’Armée before his retirement in 1961.

Linking Violence, Temperature and Crop Yields

“Research finds a strong historical link between poor crop yields and violence.” (The Economist, 2017, p.57). Last year over 102,000 people died in nearly 50 armed conflicts across the world, according to the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), a think-tank. Much of this violence is caused by tensions between ethnic groups – two-thirds of civil wars have… Read More

The Thucydides Trap…

The “Thucydides trap – the disaster that befell ancient Greece when the incumbent power, Sparta, failed to accommodate the rising one, Athens.” (The Economist, 2017, p.26). Thucydides (c. 460 BC–400 BC) was a general who was exiled for his failure to defend the Greek city of Amphipolis in Thrace. During his exile, he began compiling histories and… Read More

Ancient Soldiers & Early Statistics

“In ancient times, the Athenian general and historian Thucydides described an attempt by soldiers to estimate the height of a wall before a siege. The calculation was made by  counting rows of bricks. Though “some [soldiers] might miss the right calculation,” he wrote, “most would hit upon it”. Making siege ladders based on the most… Read More

Battlefield Realities: The Aftermath of the Fight

Research Paper Title Ancestral Custom: War Dead in Ancient Greece. Abstract In the aftermath of battle, those who survived were left to contemplate an eerie spectacle. What confronted them was a scene of distorted humanity: a field of broken bodies, abandoned weapons and the mournful cries of the wounded and dying. Birds circled expectantly overhead, whilst dogs scavenged… Read More