Kuril Islands: Japan & Russia in 1945

“In 1945, two days after America bombed Hiroshima, Joseph Stalin declared war on Japan and Soviet troops attacked Japanese-held territory. They grabbed the southern Kuril islands, even though Russia had acknowledged them as Japanese since 1855. For two years the islanders lived alongside the occupiers. A touching photograph in an exhibition in Nemuro shows Russians… Read More

When Do I Get Paid?

“One type of expense incurred in modern wars was not always present in the ancient world: paying the troops. As we have seen, in the classical city state citizenship was bound up with military service. For a long time city states thus had no need to pay their citizen-soldiers. In the Greek world the only… Read More

What was the No.2 Construction Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force?

This article provides an overview of Canadian Armed Forces No.2 Construction Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, also known as the No.2 Construction C.E.F. or Black Battalion. Read More