Who was Charles Napier?

Introduction Admiral Sir Charles John Napier KCB GOTE RN (06 March 1786 to 06 November 1860) was a British naval officer whose sixty years in the Royal Navy included service in the War of 1812, the Napoleonic Wars, Syrian War and the Crimean War (with the Russians), and a period commanding the Portuguese navy in… Read More

What is the Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1833)?

Introduction The Battle of Cape St. Vincent was a naval encounter off Cape St. Vincent between a Liberal fleet under the command of British naval officer Charles Napier against a Miguelite fleet under the command of Portuguese naval officer Manuel Marreiros, which was fought on 05 July 1833 during the Liberal Wars (1828-1834) and resulted… Read More

Who was Smedley Butler?

Introduction Major General Smedley Darlington Butler (30 July 1881 to 21 June 1940), nicknamed “Maverick Marine”, was a senior United States Marine Corps officer who fought in the Philippine-American War, the Boxer Rebellion, the Mexican Revolution and World War I. During his 34-year career as a Marine, he participated in military actions in the Philippines,… Read More

What was the Franco-Prussian War (1870)?

Introduction The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 January 1871, the conflict was caused primarily by France’s determination to reassert… Read More

What is the United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation?

Introduction The United Nations Truce Supervision Organisation (UNTSO) is an organisation founded on 29 May 1948 for peacekeeping in the Middle East. Established amidst the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, its primary task was initially to provide the military command structure to the peacekeeping forces in the Middle East to enable the peacekeepers to observe and maintain… Read More