What was the Little Belt Affair (1811)?

Introduction The Little Belt affair was a naval battle on the night of 16 May 1811. It involved the United States frigate USS President and the British sixth-rate HMS Little Belt, a sloop-of-war, which had originally been the Danish ship Lillebælt, before being captured by the British in the 1807 Battle of Copenhagen. The encounter… Read More

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Who was Charles Napier?

Introduction Admiral Sir Charles John Napier KCB GOTE RN (06 March 1786 to 06 November 1860) was a British naval officer whose sixty years in the Royal Navy included service in the War of 1812, the Napoleonic Wars, Syrian War and the Crimean War (with the Russians), and a period commanding the Portuguese navy in… Read More

What was War Plan Red?

Introduction War Plan Red, also known as the Atlantic Strategic War Plan, was one of the colour-coded war plans created by the United States Department of War during the interwar period of 1919-1939, covering scenarios related to a hypothetical war with the British Empire (the “Red” forces, likely in reference to the Red Ensign). Many… Read More

What is Defenders Day (Maryland)?

Introduction Defenders Day is a longtime legal holiday on 12 September, in the US state of Maryland, in the City of Baltimore and surrounding Baltimore County. It commemorates the successful defence of the city of Baltimore on 12-14 September 1814 from a British force during the War of 1812, an event which led to the… Read More

What was the Little Belt Affair (1811)?

Introduction The Little Belt affair was a naval battle on the night of 16 May 1811. It involved the United States frigate USS President and the British sixth-rate HMS Little Belt, a sloop-of-war, which had originally been the Danish ship Lillebælt, before being captured by the British in the 1807 Battle of Copenhagen. The encounter… Read More

What was the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)?

Introduction The Chesapeake-Leopard affair was a naval engagement off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 June 1807, between the British fourth-rate HMS Leopard and the American frigate USS Chesapeake. The crew of Leopard pursued, attacked, and boarded the American frigate, looking for deserters from the Royal Navy. Chesapeake was caught unprepared and after a… Read More

What was the War of 1812?

Introduction The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 to 17 February 1815) was a conflict fought between the United States and its allies, and the United Kingdom (UK) of Great Britain and Ireland and its dependent colonies in North America and indigenous allies. It began when the United States (US) declared war in June 1812,… Read More