Who was Jan Zizka?

Introduction Jan Žižka z Trocnova a Kalicha (English: John Zizka of Trocnov and the Chalice; c. 1360 to 11 October 1424) was a Czech general – a contemporary and follower of Jan Hus and a Radical Hussite who led the Taborites. Žižka was a successful military leader and is now a Czech national hero. He… Read More

What are Civil-Military Operations?

Introduction Civil-military operations (CMO) are activities of a military force to minimise civil interference on and maximise civil support for military operations. Outline CMO is conducted in conjunction with combat operations during wartime and becomes a central part of a military campaign in counter-insurgencies. Some militaries have specialised units dedicated to conduct CMO, such as… Read More

What is (Military) Intent?

Introduction For military strategy, Intent is the desired outcome of a military operation. It is a key concept in 21st century military operations and is a vital element to facilitate subordinates’ initiative and collaboration and cooperation amongst team members in joint operations. Intent Content In the reviewed open military doctrine literature intent is a critical… Read More

What is Civil-Military Co-Operation?

Introduction Civil-Military Co-operation (CIMIC) is the means by which a military commander connects with civilian agencies active in a theatre of operations. CIMIC activities are coordinated via the “G9” staff branch of a divisional, or other, headquarters. In high-level tri-service, or joint headquarters (JHQ), the department is termed “J9”. Abbreviations Brief History The United States… Read More

What are Effects-Based Operations?

Introduction Effects-based operations (EBO) is a United States military concept that emerged during the Persian Gulf War for the planning and conduct of operations combining military and non-military methods to achieve a particular effect. An effects-based approach to operations was first applied in modern times in the design and execution of the Desert Storm air… Read More

What are the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence?

Introduction The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (Chinese: 和平共处五项原则; pinyin: Hépíng gòngchǔ wǔ xiàng yuánzé) are principles first mentioned in the Sino-Indian Agreement, 1954. They are mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in internal affairs, equality and co-operation for mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. Also known as Panchsheel, these principles… Read More