Introduction Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans. Many substances, such as anabolic steroids, can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organised athletic organisations. This usage is often… Read More
Introduction Sports science is a discipline that studies how the healthy human body works during exercise, and how sports and physical activity promote health and performance from cellular to whole body perspectives. The study of sports science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology (exercise physiology), psychology (sport psychology), anatomy, biomechanics (sports biomechanics), biochemistry, and kinesiology. Sport… Read More
Introduction Aerobic conditioning is a process whereby the heart and lungs are trained to pump blood more efficiently, allowing more oxygen to be delivered to muscles and organs. The skeletal muscles also become aerobically conditioned, as regular aerobic exercise produces a shift in muscle fibres from more type II (fast twitch/glycolytic) into more type I… Read More
Introduction Aerobic exercise (also known as endurance activities, cardio or cardio-respiratory exercise) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. “Aerobic” is defined as “relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen”, and refers to the use of oxygen to meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism adequately.… Read More
Introduction Sport psychology was defined by the European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC) in 1996, as the study of the psychological basis, processes, and effects of sport. Otherwise, sport is considered as any physical activity where the individuals engage for competition and health. Sport psychology is recognised as an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge… Read More
Research Paper Title Genetic, Physiologic, and Behavioral Predictors of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Specialized Military Men. Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a crucial performance requirement of specialised military occupations. Age and physical activity are established predictors of CRF, but it is not clear how these predictors combine with each other and/or with genetic predisposition. The goal… Read More
The first step in any conditioning programme is to build an aerobic base. This requires two to four sessions per week of continuous aerobic activity (e.g. jogging or brisk walking) for 15 to 30 minutes at a moderate intensity. The target heart rate for many people during this form of exercise is approximately 130 to… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 