Introduction The Hong Kong Junta was an organisation formed as a revolutionary government in exile by Filipino revolutionaries after the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on 15 December 1897. It was headed by Emilio Aguinaldo and included high-level figures in the Philippine revolution against Spanish rule who accompanied Aguinaldo into exile in the Crown… Read More
Introduction The Philippine Revolution was a conflict waged by the Filipino revolutionaries against the Spanish colonial authorities in an attempt to win the archipelago’s independence. The Philippine Revolution began on 24 August 1896, when the Spanish authorities discovered the Katipunan, an anticolonial secret organisation. The Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio, began to influence much of… Read More
Introduction The siege of Baler (Filipino: Pagkubkob sa Baler; Spanish: Sitio de Baler) was a battle of the Philippine Revolution (1896-1898). Filipino revolutionaries laid siege to a fortified church defended by Spanish troops in the town of Baler, Aurora, for 337 days, from 01 July 1898 until 02 June 1899. The war had ended with… Read More
Introduction On 02 March 1901, the Platt Amendment was passed as part of the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill. It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States (US) troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish-American War, and an eighth condition that Cuba signs a treaty accepting these seven conditions. It defined… Read More
Introduction Arthur MacArthur Jr. (02 June 1845 to 05 September 1912) was a lieutenant general of the United States Army. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900; his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future-US President William Howard Taft. His son, Douglas MacArthur, was one… Read More
Introduction Imperial German plans for the invasion of the United States were ordered by staff officers from 1897 to 1903 as training exercises in planning for war. The hypothetical operations was supposed to force the US to bargain from a weak position and to sever its growing economic and political connections in the Pacific Ocean,… Read More
Introduction Willard Dwight Miller (05 June 1877 to 09 February 1959) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America’s highest military decoration – the Medal of Honour – for his actions in the Spanish-American War. Background Willard Miller was born in Maitland, Nova Scotia on 05 June 1877. He enlisted in the… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 