Introduction Enhanced water is a category of beverages that are marketed as water with added ingredients, such as natural or artificial flavours, sugar, sweeteners, vitamins and minerals. Most enhanced waters are lower in calories than non-diet soft drinks. Refer to Functional Beverage, Smart Drink, Sports Drinks, and Energy Drink. PepsiCo, The Coca-Cola Company and other… Read More
Introduction A functional beverage is a conventional liquid food marketed to highlight specific product ingredients or supposed health effects. Beverages marketed as “functional” include dairy drinks, sports and performance drinks, energy drinks, ready-to-drink teas, kombucha, “smart” drinks, fortified fruit drinks, plant milks, and enhanced water. Although these beverages may serve to hydrate a consumer, they… Read More
Introduction Nutraceutical is a marketing term used to imply a pharmaceutical effect from a compound or food product that has not been scientifically confirmed or approved to have clinical benefits. In the United States, nutraceuticals are considered and regulated as a subset of foods (such as dietary supplements) by the US Food and Drug Administration… Read More
Introduction Bodybuilding supplements are dietary supplements commonly used by those involved in bodybuilding, weightlifting, mixed martial arts, and athletics for the purpose of facilitating an increase in lean body mass. Bodybuilding supplements may contain ingredients that are advertised to increase a person’s muscle, body weight, athletic performance, and decrease a person’s percent body fat for… Read More
Introduction A dietary supplement (also see nutraceutical) is a manufactured product intended to supplement a person’s diet by taking a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid. A supplement can provide nutrients either extracted from food sources, or that are synthetic (in order to increase the quantity of their consumption). The classes of nutrient compounds in… Read More
Introduction Controversies regarding the use of human growth hormone (HGH) as treatment method have centred on the claims, products, and businesses related to the use of GH as an anti-ageing therapy. Most of these controversies fall into two categories: Brief History A study was published in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) by Rudman… Read More
Introduction Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans. Many substances, such as anabolic steroids, can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organised athletic organisations. This usage is often… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 