What is Low-Intensity Conflict?

Introduction A low-intensity conflict (LIC) is a military conflict, usually localised, between two or more state or non-state groups which is below the intensity of conventional war. It involves the state’s use of military forces applied selectively and with restraint to enforce compliance with its policies or objectives. The term can be used to describe… Read More

What is Hybrid Warfare?

Introduction Hybrid warfare is a theory of military strategy, first proposed by Frank Hoffman, which employs political warfare and blends conventional warfare, irregular warfare and cyberwarfare with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy, lawfare and foreign electoral intervention. By combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts, the aggressor intends to avoid attribution or retribution.… Read More

What is Conventional Warfare?

Introduction Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation. The forces on each side are well-defined, and fight using weapons that primarily target the opponent’s military. It is normally fought using conventional weapons, and not with chemical, biological, or nuclear… Read More

Guerrilla Units & Regular Units…

“Guerrilla units formed from the people may gradually develop into regular units and, when operating as such, employ the tactics of orthodox mobile war … While it is improper to confuse orthodox with guerrilla operations, it is equally improper to consider that there is a chasm between the two.” Mao Tse-Tung (1893 to 1976) Mao… Read More