What were the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598)?

Introduction The French Wars of Religion were a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598. It is estimated that three million people perished in this period from violence, famine, or disease in what is considered the second deadliest religious war… Read More

What was the Battle of Dreux (1562)?

Introduction The Battle of Dreux was fought on 19 December 1562 between Catholics and Huguenots. The Catholics were led by Anne de Montmorency while Louis I, Prince of Condé, led the Huguenots. Though commanders from both sides were captured, the French Catholics won the battle which would constitute the only major engagement of the first… Read More

What was the Battle for Trebia (218 BC)?

Introduction The Battle of the Trebia (or Trebbia) was the first major battle of the Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC), fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and a Roman army under Sempronius Longus on 22 or 23 December 218 BC. It took place on the flood plain of the west bank of… Read More

Map that Hunger…

“The necessary limitations of map problems inhibit the student from considering the effects of hunger, emotion, personality, fatigue, leadership, and many other imponderable yet vital factors.” Lieutenant General George S. Patton Jr (1885 to 1945), speaking as a Major in 1931. George Patton, in full George Smith Patton, Jr., was a US Army officer who… Read More

G6PD Status in US Military and VA Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Research Paper Title Evaluation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) status in US military and VA patients with COVID-19 infection. Background A recent publication outlined several pieces of evidence suggesting that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may increase susceptibility to, and severity of illness with, COVID-19 infection. These include an earlier study showing that G6PD-deficient cells are more… Read More