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How Many Calories Does a Press-up (Push-Up) Burn?

Introduction Estimates of exactly how many calories a single press-up (or push-up) burns vary somewhat, from about 0.29 calories each to 0.36 calories per press-up, depending on the research you cite (Cohen, 2012; McCall, 2017). However, a 2014 study from researchers at Arizona State University (Vezina et al., 2014) (and based on an earlier thesis… Read More

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What is the Peace Palace?

Introduction The Peace Palace is an international law administrative building in The Hague, the Netherlands. It houses the International Court of Justice (which is the principal judicial body of the United Nations), the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), The Hague Academy of International Law and the Peace Palace Library. The palace officially opened on 28… Read More

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What is the Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project?

Introduction The Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC Project) is an initiative of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights to support the application and implementation of the international law of armed conflict. Overview Through a global database and analysis, the RULAC Project has as its aim an assessment of… Read More

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What is Joint Criminal Responsibility?

Introduction Joint criminal enterprise (JCE) is a legal doctrine used during war crimes tribunals to allow the prosecution of members of a group for the actions of the group. This doctrine considers each member of an organised group individually responsible for crimes committed by group within the common plan or purpose. It arose through the… Read More

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What is the War Crimes Act of 1996 (US)?

Introduction The War Crimes Act of 1996 is a law that defines a war crime to include a “grave breach of the Geneva Conventions”, specifically noting that “grave breach” should have the meaning defined in any convention (related to the laws of war) to which the US is a party. The definition of “grave breach”… Read More

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What is Command Responsibility?

Introduction Command responsibility (superior responsibility, the Yamashita standard, and the Medina standard) is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes. The legal doctrine of command responsibility stipulates that a superior officer (military commander or civilian leader) can be held legally responsible for war crimes committed by subordinates. The legal doctrine of command responsibility… Read More