What was the Caroline Affair (1837)?

Introduction The Caroline affair (also known as the Caroline case) was a diplomatic crisis involving the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Canadian independence movement which lasted from 1837 to 1842. This modest military incident eventually acquired substantial international legal significance. The affair began on 28 December 1837, when hundreds of Americans who had… Read More

An Overview of the Guerrilla War in the Baltic States (1944-1956)

Introduction The guerrilla war in the Baltic states was an insurgency waged by Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian partisans against the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1956. Known alternatively as the “Forest Brothers”, the “Brothers of the Wood” and the “Forest Friars” (Estonian: metsavennad, Latvian: mežabrāļi, Lithuanian: žaliukai), these partisans fought against Soviet forces during their… Read More

An Overview of the Cursed Soldiers!

Introduction The “cursed soldiers” (also known as “doomed soldiers”, “accursed soldiers” or “damned soldiers”; Polish: żołnierze wyklęci) or “indomitable soldiers” (Polish: żołnierze niezłomni) is a term applied to a variety of anti-Soviet imperialist and anti-communist Polish resistance movements formed in the later stages of World War II and its aftermath by members of the Polish… Read More

What is the Correlates of War Project?

Introduction The Correlates of War (CoW) project is an academic study of the history of warfare. It was started in 1963 at the University of Michigan by political scientist J. David Singer. Concerned with collecting data about the history of wars and conflict among states, the project has driven forward quantitative research into the causes… Read More