What is the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons?

Introduction The United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW or CCWC), concluded at Geneva on 10 October 1980, and entered into force in December 1983, seeks to prohibit or restrict the use of certain conventional weapons which are considered excessively injurious or whose effects are indiscriminate. The full title is Convention on Prohibitions or… Read More

What is Civilian-Based Defence?

Introduction Civilian-based defence (or social defence) describes non-military action by a society or social group, particularly in a context of a sustained campaign against outside attack or dictatorial rule – or preparations for such a campaign in the event of external attack or usurpation. There are various near-synonyms, including “non-violent defence”, “civilian defence” and “defence… Read More