What is a Senior Officer Present Afloat?

Introduction Senior Officer Present Afloat, usually referred to as SOPA, is a US Navy term to indicate the US Navy officer, with the highest ranking by rank, or number in rank, present in a harbour occupied by more than one US Navy vessel. That officer is essentially commander of all US Navy operations afloat in… Read More

What is an Officer in Tactical Command?

Introduction In NATO, the officer in tactical command (OTC) is the naval officer exercising tactical command of a group of ships in a tactical formation such as a task unit, task group, or task force. Outline Ships travelling together on a specific mission might have one of the commanding officers designated OTC. On occasion, an… Read More

What is Command by Negation?

Introduction Command by negation is a military command and control doctrine – a hybrid of command by direction and command by influence. Commonly found in the United States Navy, particularly in independent commands at sea, the doctrine is based on individual officers using their own initiative to execute actions unless the reported action receives a… Read More

What is a Marine Expeditionary Unit (US)?

Introduction Marine expeditionary units (MEU, pronounced as one syllable “M’you” IPA: /mjuː/) are the smallest marine air-ground task forces (MAGTF) in the United States Fleet Marine Force. Each MEU is an expeditionary quick reaction force, deployed and ready for immediate response to any crisis, whether it be natural disaster or combat missions. Marine amphibious unit… Read More

What is a Marine Expeditionary Brigade (US)?

Introduction A Marine expeditionary brigade (MEB) is a formation of the United States Marine Corps, a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) of approximately 14,500 Marines and sailors constructed around a reinforced infantry regiment, a composite Marine aircraft group, a combat logistics regiment and a MEB command group. The MEB, commanded by a general officer (usually… Read More

What is a Marine Expeditionary Force (US)?

Introduction Marine expeditionary force (MEF), formerly known as a Marine amphibious force, is the largest type of a Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF). A MEF is the largest building block of United States Marine Corps combat power. Structure A MEF is larger than a Marine expeditionary unit (MEU) or Marine expeditionary brigade (MEB). Each MEF… Read More

What is a Battle Lab?

Introduction A battle lab or battle laboratory is an organisation dedicated to studying changes in the military. It provides means (premises, teams, operational equipment or operational platforms, hardware, software, IT infrastructure, processes, guidelines) to analyse or assess impacts that could be induced by changes in a military realm. The changes can be of any kind:… Read More