Introduction A private army or private military is a military or paramilitary force consisting of armed combatants who owe their allegiance to a private person, group, or organisation, rather than a nation or state. Refer to Private Military Company and Private Defence Agency. Brief History Private armies may form when land owners arm household retainers… Read More
Introduction Whether you are planning to lose weight, build muscle, or ‘tone up’, research suggests you will be less likely to accomplish your fitness goals on your own. While you can always sign up for online fitness courses or watch YouTube channels that feature free workout lessons, you might want to consider seeking the guidance… Read More
Introduction The University for Peace (UPEACE) is an international, graduate-only research university and intergovernmental organisation. The university was established as a treaty organisation by the United Nations General Assembly in 1980. Each year, the University for Peace selects approximately 200 students globally for a master’s programme (MA or MSc) related to the study of peace… Read More
Introduction DCAF; Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (French: Centre pour la gouvernance du secteur de la sécurité, Genève, German: Das Genfer Zentrum für die Gouvernanz des Sicherheitssektors) is an intergovernmental foundation-based think tank that provides research and project support to states and international actors in improving security sector governance and reform (SSG and SSR).… Read More
Introduction Ghost detainee is a term used in the executive branch of the United States (US) government to designate a person held in a detention centre, whose identity has been hidden by keeping them unregistered and therefore anonymous. Such uses arose as the Bush administration initiated the War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks of… Read More
Introduction In international relations, violent non-state actors (VNSAs), also known as non-state armed actors or non-state armed groups (NSAGs), are individuals or groups that are wholly or partly independent of governments and which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals. VNSAs vary widely in their goals, size, and methods. They may include narcotics cartels,… Read More
Introduction ISO/PAS 28007:2012 was developed as an initiative by the maritime industry and based on a request by the International Maritime Organisation to provide guidelines for ISO 28000-certified companies deploying Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) on board ships. Outline It was specifically developed for organisations operating in the Piracy High Risk Area in the… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 