Introduction The Polish-Soviet War (late autumn 1918 to 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the aftermath of World War I, on territories formerly held by the Russian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Refer to Ukranian Wars of Independence (1917-1921). In newly independent… Read More
Introduction The French Military Mission to Poland was an effort by France to aid the nascent Second Polish Republic after it achieved its independence in November, 1918, at the end of the First World War. Overview The aim was to provide aid during the Polish-Soviet War (1918-1921), and to create a strong Polish military to… Read More
Introduction The Zimmerwald Conference was held in Zimmerwald, Switzerland, from 05 to 08 September 1915. It was the first of three international socialist conferences convened by anti-militarist socialist parties from countries that were originally neutral during World War I. The individuals and organisations participating in this and subsequent conferences held at Kienthal and Stockholm are… Read More
Introduction Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (02 October 1847 to 02 August 1934) was a German general and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I and later became President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934. During his presidency, he played a key role in… Read More
Introduction Ferdinand Foch (02 October 1851 to 20 March 1929) was a French general and military theorist who served as the Supreme Allied Commander during the First World War. An aggressive, even reckless commander at the First Marne, Flanders and Artois campaigns of 1914-1916, Foch became the Allied Commander-in-Chief in late March 1918 in the… Read More
Introduction Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (02 October 1869 to 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India’s independence from British rule and in turn inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: “great-souled”, “venerable”), first… Read More
Introduction Radoje Ljutovac (04 September 1887 to 25 November 1968) was a Serbian soldier from the village of Poljna, Serbia. Private Radoje Ljutovac fought in the First World War in the Serbian Army, and is officially credited with the first shooting down of a military aircraft with Ground-to-Air artillery fire. Balkans War During the Balkan… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 