Introduction A therapeutic use exemption (TUE), also known as a temporary use exemption, is a term created in 1991 and refers to an official medical document. The document gives an athlete permission to take a medication listed on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) Prohibited List, normally prohibited because its use would be considered a performance… Read More
Introduction The Biogenesis scandal broke in 2013 when several Major League Baseball (MLB) players were accused of obtaining performance-enhancing drugs (“PEDs”), specifically human growth hormone, from the now-defunct rejuvenation clinic Biogenesis of America. After an ex-employee, annoyed over missing back-pay, revealed clinic records that were “clear in describing the firm’s real business: selling performance-enhancing drugs”,… Read More
Introduction Orienteering is a group of sports that involve using a map and compass to navigate from point to point in diverse and usually unfamiliar terrain whilst moving at speed. Participants are given a topographical map, usually a specially prepared orienteering map, which they use to find control points. Originally a training exercise in land… Read More
Introduction Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass. The course, typically 3–12 kilometres (1.9–7.5 mi) long, may include surfaces of grass and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel… Read More
Introduction Stair climbing is the climbing of a flight of stairs. It is often described as a “low-impact” exercise, often for people who have recently started trying to get in shape. A common exhortation in health pop culture is “Take the stairs, not the elevator”. Energy Expenditure In one study (Teh and Aziz, 2002) based… Read More
Introduction Adventure racing (also called expedition racing) is typically a multidisciplinary team sport involving navigation over an unmarked wilderness course with races extending anywhere from two hours up to two weeks in length. Some races offer solo competitions as well. The principal disciplines in adventure racing include trekking, mountain biking, and paddling although races can… Read More
Introduction Yoga is widely embraced as a complementary activity by athletes from a wide variety of sports, including basketball, football, and triathletes. Just a few celebrity athletes who regularly practice this millenary activity include LeBron James, Steven Jackson, and Blake Griffin. Yoga is known to help quell pain and boost strength and flexibility, but it can also… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 