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An Overview of Growth Hormone

Introduction Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, also known as human growth hormone (hGH or HGH) in its human form, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development. GH also stimulates production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and increases… Read More

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An Overview of Anorexia Athletica

Introduction Anorexia athletica (sports anorexia), also referred to as hyper-gymnasia, is an eating disorder characterized by excessive and compulsive exercise. An athlete with sports anorexia tends to overexercise, to give themselves a sense of having control over their body. Most often, people with the disorder tend to feel they have no control over their lives,… Read More

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An Overview of Electrolyte Imbalance

Introduction Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological function, fluid balance, oxygen delivery, acid–base balance and much more. Electrolyte imbalances can develop by consuming too little or too… Read More

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An Overview of Central Nervous System Fatigue

Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) fatigue, or central fatigue, is a form of fatigue that is associated with changes in the synaptic concentration of neurotransmitters within the CNS (including the brain and spinal cord) which affects exercise performance and muscle function and cannot be explained by peripheral factors that affect muscle function. In healthy individuals,… Read More

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An Overview of the Epigenetics of Physical Exercise

Introduction Epigenetics of physical exercise is the study of epigenetic modifications to the cell genome resulting from physical exercise. Environmental factors, including physical exercise, have been shown to have a beneficial influence on epigenetic modifications. Generally, it has been shown that acute and long-term exercise has a significant effect on DNA methylation, an important aspect… Read More

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An Overview of the Minnesota Starvation Experiment

Introduction The Minnesota Starvation Experiment, also known as the Minnesota Semi-Starvation Experiment, the Minnesota Starvation-Recovery Experiment and the Starvation Study, was a clinical study performed at the University of Minnesota between 19 November 1944 and 20 December 1945. The investigation was designed to determine the physiological effects of severe and prolonged dietary restriction and the… Read More