What was the Catalina Affair (1952)?

Introduction The Catalina affair (Swedish: Catalinaaffären) was a military confrontation and Cold War-era diplomatic crisis in June 1952, in which Soviet Air Force fighter jets shot down two Swedish aircraft over international waters in the Baltic Sea. The first aircraft to be shot down was an unarmed Swedish Air Force Tp 79, a derivative of… Read More

What was Executive Order 9102?

Introduction Executive Order 9102 is a United States presidential executive order creating the War Relocation Authority (WRA), the US civilian agency responsible for the forced relocation and internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II. The executive order was signed by President Franklin Roosevelt on 18 March 1942, and it officially expired on 30 June 1946.… Read More

What was Executive Order 9066?

Introduction Executive Order 9066 was a United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt on 19 February 1942. This order authorised the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones, clearing the way for the incarceration of Japanese Americans, German Americans, and… Read More

What was the War Relocation Authority (US)?

Introduction The War Relocation Authority (WRA) was a United States government agency established to handle the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. It also operated the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter in Oswego, New York, which was the only refugee camp set up in the United States for refugees from Europe. The agency… Read More

What is the Ordnance Factory Board (India)?

Introduction Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) consisting of the Indian Ordnance Factories is a Government agency under the control of department of defence production (DDP) Ministry of Defence (MoD), Government of India. It is engaged in research, development, production, testing, marketing and logistics of a product range in the areas of air, land and sea systems.… Read More

What is Men’s and Soldiers’ Day (Mongolia)?

Introduction Men’s and Soldiers’ Day (Mongolian: Эр цэргийн баяр, Эрчүүдийн баяр) is a public holiday in Mongolia is celebrated on 18 March annually. Background Being the official holiday of the Mongolian Armed Forces, it is the equivalent of Defender of the Fatherland Day in Russia and/or the male version of International Women’s Day. In March… Read More

What was the Dugway Sheep Incident (1968)?

Introduction The Dugway sheep incident, also known as the Skull Valley sheep kill, was a March 1968 sheep kill that has been connected to United States Army chemical and biological warfare programmes at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. Six thousand sheep were killed on ranches near the base, and the popular explanation blamed Army testing… Read More