Introduction The Bonus Army was a group of 43,000 demonstrators – made up of 17,000 veterans of the United States in World War I, together with their families and affiliated groups – who gathered in Washington, D.C. in mid-1932 to demand early cash redemption of their service bonus certificates. Organisers called the demonstrators the “Bonus… Read More
Introduction The Centralia Tragedy, also known as the Centralia Conspiracy and the Armistice Day Riot, was a violent and bloody incident that occurred in Centralia, Washington, on 11 November 1919, during a parade celebrating the first anniversary of Armistice Day. The conflict between the American Legion and Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or “Wobblies”)… Read More
Introduction The Adjusted Compensation Payment Act (27 January 1936, Pub.L. 74–425, 49 Stat. 1099) was a piece of United States legislation that provided for the issuance of US Treasury Bonds to veterans who had served in World War I as a form of economic stimulus and relief. The act is sometimes considered to be part… Read More
Introduction Max Immelmann (21 September 1890 to 18 June 1916) PLM was the first German World War I flying ace. He was a pioneer in fighter aviation and is often mistakenly credited with the first aerial victory using a synchronised gun, which was in fact achieved on 01 July 1915 by the German ace Kurt… Read More
Introduction Albert Jacka, VC, MC & Bar (10 January 1893 to 17 January 1932) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry “in the face of the enemy” that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces. Jacka was the first Australian to be decorated with… Read More
Introduction Gordon Muriel Flowerdew VC (02 January 1885 to 31 March 1918) was an English-born Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, received for his actions at the Battle of Moreuil Wood. Early… Read More
Introduction The history of The American Legion, a US war veterans’ organisation headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, began in Paris, France, 15 to 17 March 1919, by a thousand commissioned officers and enlisted men, delegates from all the units of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) to an organisation caucus meeting, which adopted a tentative constitution and… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 