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What was the Year of the Six Emperors (238 AD)?

Introduction The Year of the Six Emperors was the year 238 AD, during which six men were recognised as emperors of Rome. Refer to the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD) and the Year of the Five Emperors (193 AD). Background Maximinus Thrax The emperor at the beginning of the year was Maximinus Thrax,… Read More

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What was the Pisonian Conspiracy (65 AD)?

Introduction The conspiracy of Gaius Calpurnius Piso in AD 65 was a major turning point in the reign of the Roman emperor Nero (reign 54-68 AD). The plot reflected the growing discontent among the ruling class of the Roman state with Nero’s increasingly despotic leadership, and as a result is a significant event on the… Read More

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What was the Aetolian War (191-189 BC)?

Introduction The Aetolian War (191-189 BC) was fought between the Romans and their Achaean and Macedonian allies, and the Aetolian League and their allies the kingdom of Athamania. The Aetolians had invited Antiochus III the Great to Greece, who came, but after his defeat by the Romans returned to Asia. This left the Aetolians and… Read More

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What was the Achaean War (146 BC)?

Introduction The Achaean War of 146 BC was fought between the Roman Republic and the Greek Achaean League, an alliance of Achaean and other Peloponnesian states in ancient Greece. It was the final stage of Rome’s conquest of mainland Greece, taking place just after the Fourth Macedonian War (150-148 BC). Rome and Achaea had been… Read More

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What was the Battle of Bedriacum (69 AD)?

Introduction The Battle of Bedriacum refers to two battles fought during the Year of the Four Emperors (AD 69) near the village of Bedriacum (now Calvatone), about 35 kilometres (22 miles) from the town of Cremona in northern Italy. The fighting in fact took place between Bedriacum and Cremona, and the battles are sometimes called… Read More

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What was the Battle of Forum Gallorum (43 BC)?

Introduction The Battle of Forum Gallorum was fought on 14 April 43 BC between the forces of Mark Antony, and legions loyal to the Roman Senate under the overall command of consul Gaius Pansa, aided by his fellow consul Aulus Hirtius. The untested Caesar Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) guarded the Senate’s camp. The battle… Read More