Introduction The Hong Kong Junta was an organisation formed as a revolutionary government in exile by Filipino revolutionaries after the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on 15 December 1897. It was headed by Emilio Aguinaldo and included high-level figures in the Philippine revolution against Spanish rule who accompanied Aguinaldo into exile in the Crown… Read More
Introduction The Philippine Revolution was a conflict waged by the Filipino revolutionaries against the Spanish colonial authorities in an attempt to win the archipelago’s independence. The Philippine Revolution began on 24 August 1896, when the Spanish authorities discovered the Katipunan, an anticolonial secret organisation. The Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio, began to influence much of… Read More
Introduction The siege of Baler (Filipino: Pagkubkob sa Baler; Spanish: Sitio de Baler) was a battle of the Philippine Revolution (1896-1898). Filipino revolutionaries laid siege to a fortified church defended by Spanish troops in the town of Baler, Aurora, for 337 days, from 01 July 1898 until 02 June 1899. The war had ended with… Read More
Introduction The Schurman Commission, also known as the First Philippine Commission, was established by United States President William McKinley on 20 January 1899, and tasked to study the situation in the Philippines and make recommendations on how the US should proceed after the sovereignty of the Philippines was ceded to the US by Spain on… Read More
Introduction The Taft Commission, also known as the Second Philippine Commission (Filipino: Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas), was established by United States (US) President William McKinley on 16 March 1900, following the recommendations of the First Philippine Commission, using presidential war powers while the US was engaged in the Philippine-American War. McKinley’s letter of instruction to… Read More
Introduction War brides are women who married military personnel from other countries in times of war or during military occupations, a practice that occurred in great frequency during World War I and World War II. Among the largest and best documented examples of this were the marriages between American servicemen and German women which took… Read More
Introduction Arthur MacArthur Jr. (02 June 1845 to 05 September 1912) was a lieutenant general of the United States Army. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900; his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future-US President William Howard Taft. His son, Douglas MacArthur, was one… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 