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What is a Court Martial?

Introduction A court martial or court-martial (plural courts martial or courts-martial, as “martial” is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of members of the armed forces subject to military law, and, if the defendant is found guilty, to… Read More

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What is Martial Law?

Introduction Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public, as seen… Read More

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What was the Dawes Plan (1924)?

Introduction The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay. It ended a crisis in European diplomacy following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. The plan provided for… Read More

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What was the Lausanne Conference (1932)?

Introduction The Lausanne Conference was a 1932 meeting of representatives from the United Kingdom, Germany, and France that resulted in an agreement to suspend World War I reparations payments imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles. Refer to Dawes Plan (1924). Background Held from 16 June to 09 July 1932, it was named for… Read More

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What was the Young Plan (1929)?

Introduction The Young Plan was a programme for settling Germany’s World War I reparations. It was written in August 1929 and formally adopted in 1930. It was presented by the committee headed (1929-1930) by American industrialist Owen D. Young, founder and former chairman of Radio Corporation of America (RCA), who, at the time, was a… Read More

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An Overview of World War I Reparations

Introduction Following the ratification of article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles at the conclusion of World War I, the Central Powers were made to give war reparations to the Allied Powers. Each of the defeated powers was required to make payments in either cash or kind. Because of the financial situation in Austria, Hungary,… Read More