Introduction The adventus was a ceremony in ancient Rome, in which an emperor was formally welcomed into a city either during a progress or after a military campaign, often (but not always) Rome. The term is also used to refer to artistic depictions (usually in relief sculpture, including coins) of such ceremonies. Its ‘opposite’ is… Read More
Events 380 – Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople. 1227 – Gąsawa massacre: At an assembly of Piast dukes at Gąsawa, Polish Prince Leszek the White, Duke Henry the Bearded and others are attacked by assassins while bathing. 1429 – Hundred Years’ War: Joan of Arc unsuccessfully besieges La Charité. 1542… Read More
Events 1174 – Saladin enters Damascus, and adds it to his domain. 1248 – Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile. 1499 – Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London. He had invaded England in 1497, claiming to be… Read More
Events 845 – The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Frankish king Charles the Bald at the Battle of Ballon near Redon. 1574 – Spanish navigator Juan Fernández discovers islands now known as the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile. 1635 – Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a pacification campaign against native villages, resulting… Read More
Introduction Unternehmen Paula (Undertaking or Operation Paula) is the German codename given for the Second World War Luftwaffe offensive operation to destroy the remaining units of the Armée de l’Air (ALA), or French Air Force during the Battle of France in 1940. On 10 May the German armed forces (Wehrmacht) began their invasion of Western… Read More
Introduction During World War II, Fall Rot (Case Red) was the plan for the second phase of the conquest of France by the German Army and began on 05 June 1940. It had been made possible by the success of Fall Gelb (Case Yellow), the invasion of the Benelux countries (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands)… Read More
Introduction The Siege of Lille, or Lille Pocket (28 to 31 May 1940), took place during the Battle of France in the Second World War. The siege around the city of Lille took place between the French IV Corps and V Corps (about 40,000 men) of the First Army (General René Prioux) and four German… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 