Introduction Executive Order 13139 – entitled Improving Health Protection of Military Personnel Participating in Particular Military Operations – as an executive order (EO) issued by US President Bill Clinton on 30 September 1999. Purpose It outlines the conditions under which Investigational New Drug (IND) and off-label pharmaceuticals can be administered to US service members. An… Read More
Events 1545 – Potosí, Bolivia, is founded after the discovery of huge silver deposits in the area. 1572 – In the Eighty Years’ War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Seventeen Provinces, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic. 1625 – A combined Spanish and Portuguese fleet of 52… Read More
Introduction The Shanghai massacre of 12 April 1927, the April 12 Purge or the April 12 Incident as it is commonly known in China, was the violent suppression of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organisations and leftist elements in Shanghai by forces supporting General Chiang Kai-shek and conservative factions in the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party, or… Read More
Introduction Armed Forces Journal (AFJ) was a publication for American military officers and leaders in government and industry. Created in 1863 as a weekly newspaper, AFJ was published under various names by various owners in various formats for more than 150 years. The publication went all-digital after the July/August 2013 issue, and last updated its… Read More
Introduction Edward Lawson VC (11 April 1873 to 02 July 1955) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Background He was a Private in the 1st Battalion, The Gordon Highlanders, British… Read More
Introduction Project Babylon was a space gun project commissioned by then Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. It involved building a series of “superguns”. The design was based on research from the 1960s Project HARP led by the Canadian artillery expert Gerald Bull. There were most likely four different devices in the program. The project began in… Read More
Introduction The London Agreement between King Hussein of Jordan and Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres was signed during a secret meeting held at the residence of Lord Mishcon in London on 11 April 1987. Also present in the meeting were Jordanian Prime Minister Zaid al-Rifai and Director General of the Israeli Foreign Affairs Ministry,… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 