Introduction Fourth-generation warfare (4GW) is conflict characterised by a blurring of the lines between war and politics, combatants and civilians. The term was first used in 1980 by a team of United States analysts, including paleoconservative William S. Lind, to describe warfare’s return to a decentralised form. In terms of generational modern warfare, the fourth… Read More
Introduction The concept of four “generations” in the history of modern warfare was created by a team of United States analysts, including William S. Lind (1989), for the purpose of an argument for “the changing face of war” entering into a “fourth generation”. The generations of warfare are sometimes dubbed as “4GW” (DTIC, 2007), although… Read More
Events 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army were defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. 1420 – Battle of Vítkov Hill, decisive victory of Czech Hussite forces commanded by Jan Žižka against Crusade army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. 1430 – Joan of Arc, taken by… Read More
Events 587 BC – Babylon’s siege of Jerusalem ends following the destruction of Solomon’s Temple. 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in… Read More
Introduction Daniel Judson Callaghan (26 July 1890 to 13 November 1942) was a United States Navy officer who received the Medal of Honour posthumously for his actions during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. In a career spanning three decades, he served his country in two wars. Callaghan served on several ships during his first 20… Read More
Introduction Executive Order 9981 was issued on 26 July 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. This executive order abolished discrimination “on the basis of race, color, religion or national origin” in the United States Armed Forces, and led to the re-integration of the services during the Korean War (1950-1953). It was a crucial event in… Read More
Lanoe George Hawker, VC, DSO (30 December 1890 to 23 November 1916) was a British flying ace of the First World War. Having seven credited victories, he was the third pilot to receive the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry awarded to British and Commonwealth servicemen. He was killed in a dogfight with the… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 