Introduction Fifth-generation warfare (5GW) is warfare that is conducted primarily through non-kinetic military action, such as social engineering, misinformation, cyberattacks, along with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and fully autonomous systems. Fifth generation warfare has been described by Daniel Abbot as a war of “information and perception”. There is no widely agreed upon definition… Read More
Introduction Fourth-generation warfare (4GW) is conflict characterised by a blurring of the lines between war and politics, combatants and civilians. The term was first used in 1980 by a team of United States analysts, including paleoconservative William S. Lind, to describe warfare’s return to a decentralised form. In terms of generational modern warfare, the fourth… Read More
Introduction The concept of four “generations” in the history of modern warfare was created by a team of United States analysts, including William S. Lind (1989), for the purpose of an argument for “the changing face of war” entering into a “fourth generation”. The generations of warfare are sometimes dubbed as “4GW” (DTIC, 2007), although… Read More
Events 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army were defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy. 1420 – Battle of Vítkov Hill, decisive victory of Czech Hussite forces commanded by Jan Žižka against Crusade army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. 1430 – Joan of Arc, taken by… Read More
Introduction Life in the military certainly isn’t easy. For soldiers who are actively deployed to conflict zones, death is an unfortunate and unavoidable reality. After returning home from military conflicts, soldiers may experience PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) – which can occur after a person has experienced trauma of some kind, and combat stress is a… Read More
Events 587 BC – Babylon’s siege of Jerusalem ends following the destruction of Solomon’s Temple. 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in… Read More
Introduction Daniel Judson Callaghan (26 July 1890 to 13 November 1942) was a United States Navy officer who received the Medal of Honour posthumously for his actions during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. In a career spanning three decades, he served his country in two wars. Callaghan served on several ships during his first 20… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 