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What was the Dutch-Hanseatic War (1438-1441)?

Introduction The Dutch-Hanseatic War was a conflict between the County of Holland, acting independently of the rest of the Burgundian Netherlands of which it formed part, and the Hanseatic League. It led to little actual fighting, with a Dutch fleet patrolling Øresund while a Hanseatic fleet blocked their access to the Baltic Sea. It ended… Read More

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What was the Dano-Hanseatic War (1426-1435)?

Introduction The Dano-Hanseatic War from 1426-1435 (as was the Kalmar War with the Hanseatic League) was an armed trade conflict between the Danish-dominated Kalmar Union (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) and the German Hanseatic League (Hansa) led by the Free City of Lübeck. When Danish king Eric opened the Baltic trade routes for Dutch ships and introduced… Read More

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What was the Kalmar War (1611-1613)?

Introduction The Kalmar War (1611-1613) was a war between Denmark-Norway and Sweden. Though Denmark-Norway soon gained the upper hand, it was unable to defeat Sweden entirely. The Kalmar War was the last time Denmark-Norway successfully defended its dominium maris baltici against Sweden, and it also marked the increasing influence of the two countries in Baltic… Read More

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What was the Torstenson War (1643-1645)?

Introduction The Torstenson War was fought between Sweden and Denmark-Norway from 1643 to 1645. The name derives from Swedish general Lennart Torstenson. Denmark had withdrawn from the Thirty Years’ War in the 1629 Treaty of Lübeck (1629). After its victories in the war, Sweden felt it had to attack Denmark-Norway due to its advantageous geographical… Read More

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What is the Weighted Airman Promotion System?

Introduction The Weighted Airman Promotion System (WAPS) is a United States Air Force programme that determines promotions to the ranks of Staff Sergeant (SSgt, E-5) through Technical Sergeant (TSgt, E-6). It provides feedback score sheets to enlisted members considered for promotion, which help members to focus on specific professional development needs. Selections for promotion to… Read More