Introduction The Torstenson War was fought between Sweden and Denmark-Norway from 1643 to 1645. The name derives from Swedish general Lennart Torstenson. Denmark had withdrawn from the Thirty Years’ War in the 1629 Treaty of Lübeck (1629). After its victories in the war, Sweden felt it had to attack Denmark-Norway due to its advantageous geographical… Read More
Introduction The Weighted Airman Promotion System (WAPS) is a United States Air Force programme that determines promotions to the ranks of Staff Sergeant (SSgt, E-5) through Technical Sergeant (TSgt, E-6). It provides feedback score sheets to enlisted members considered for promotion, which help members to focus on specific professional development needs. Selections for promotion to… Read More
Introduction In the United States military, frocking is the practice of a commissioned or non-commissioned officer selected for promotion wearing the insignia of the higher grade before the official date of promotion (the “date of rank”). An officer who has been selected for promotion may be authorised to “frock” to the next grade. The need… Read More
This page brings together the various pages we have on military promotion and demotion, and includes the following pages:
Introduction Mustang is a military slang term used in the United States Armed Forces to refer to a commissioned officer who began their career as an enlisted service member. Unlike other nations, a US Mustang Officer is not a temporary or brevet promotion (or “temporary gentleman”) but rather an earned Commission from the President of… Read More
Introduction Rising from the ranks, through the ranks or commissioned from the ranks refers to enlisted soldiers being commissioned as officers. In class-conscious societies of the past, such as Britain during the Napoleonic Wars, for example, this was a relatively rare occurrence. Refer to Promotion and the UKs Potential Officer Development Programme (PODP). Revolutionary and… Read More
Introduction Reduction in rank may refer to three separate concepts: Refer to Promotion. Brief History Reduction in rank (Latin gradus deiectio meaning position degradation) was a Roman military punishment. United States In the United States, courts-martial may adjudge reduction to any enlisted member to the lowest or any intermediate pay grade. However, a summary court-martial… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 