Introduction The Coup of 1809 (Swedish: Statskuppen 1809) also referred to as the Revolution of 1809 (Swedish: Revolutionen 1809) was a Swedish coup d’état by a group of noblemen resulting in the deposition of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and the introduction of the Instrument of Government (1809). The coup was provoked by the… Read More
Introduction The 1971 Turkish military memorandum (Turkish: 12 Mart Muhtırası), issued on 12 March that year, was the second military intervention to take place in the Republic of Turkey, coming 11 years after its 1960 predecessor. It is known as the “coup by memorandum”, which the military delivered in lieu of sending out tanks, as… Read More
Introduction The Scottish Militia Bill 1708 (known formerly as the Scotch Militia Bill) was a bill that was passed by the House of Commons and House of Lords of the Parliament of Great Britain in early 1708. However, on 11 March 1708, Queen Anne withheld royal assent on the advice of her ministers for fear… Read More
Introduction Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck (20 March 1870 to 09 March 1964), also called the Lion of Africa (German: Löwe von Afrika), was a general in the Imperial German Army and the commander of its forces in the German East Africa campaign. For four years, with a force of about 14,000 (3,000 Germans and 11,000… Read More
Introduction The Sakai incident (堺事件, Sakai Jiken) was the killing of 11 French sailors from the French corvette Dupleix in the port of Sakai near Osaka, Japan in 1868. Background On 08 March 1868, a skiff sent to Sakai was attacked by samurai of the Tosa clan; 11 sailors and midshipman Guillou were killed (a… Read More
Events 1573 – A peace treaty is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ending the Ottoman-Venetian War and leaving Cyprus in Ottoman hands. 1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives. 1814 – Emperor Napoleon I of France wins the… Read More
Events 12 BCE – The Roman Emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. 961 – Byzantine conquest of Chandax by Nikephoros Phokas, end of the Emirate of Crete. 1204 – The Siege of Château Gaillard ends in a French victory over King John of England, who loses control… Read More
