Introduction The Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty is a post-Cold War adaptation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), signed on November 19, 1999, during the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe’s (OSCE) 1999 Istanbul summit. The main difference with the earlier treaty is that the troop ceilings on… Read More
Introduction The original Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was negotiated and concluded during the last years of the Cold War and established comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment in Europe (from the Atlantic to the Urals) and mandated the destruction of excess weaponry. The treaty proposed equal limits for… Read More
Events He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina. 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and appear in Hispania. 1307 – Hundreds of the Knights Templar in France are arrested at dawn by King Philip the Fair, and later confess under torture to heresy. 1644… Read More
Events 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire (Julian calendar). 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd. 1398 – In the Treaty of Salynas, Lithuania cedes Samogitia… Read More
Events 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311. 1614 – The New Netherland Company applies to the States General of the Netherlands for exclusive trading rights in what is now the northeastern United States. 1649 –… Read More
Introduction United States Army Strategist or Functional Area 59 or FA59 is a functional area of the United States Army. While the US military and Army has had strategic thinkers throughout its history, the United States Army’s FA59 career field emerged in the late 1990’s with its first cohort beginning duty in 2001, partially due… Read More
Introduction The Basic Strategic Art Programme (BSAP) is an academic programme taught at the US Army War College at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. The course was designed to support the educational requirements for Functional Area FA59 (FA59), US Army Strategist, formerly called Strategic Plans and Policy. The first course began in 2003 and the school continues… Read More
