Introduction The Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between 30 July and 01 August 1975, following two years of negotiations known as the Helsinki… Read More
Introduction The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), also known as the US Helsinki Commission, is an independent US government agency created by Congress in 1975 to monitor and encourage compliance with the Helsinki Final Act and other Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) commitments. It was initiated by House representative… Read More
Introduction The Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances comprises three substantially identical political agreements signed at the OSCE conference in Budapest, Hungary, on 05 December 1994, to provide security assurances by its signatories relating to the accession of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The three memoranda were… Read More
Introduction The Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty is a post-Cold War adaptation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), signed on November 19, 1999, during the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe’s (OSCE) 1999 Istanbul summit. The main difference with the earlier treaty is that the troop ceilings on… Read More
Introduction The Vienna Document is a series of agreements on confidence and security-building measures between the states of Europe, starting in 1990, with subsequent updates in 1992, 1994, 1999 and 2011. The Vienna Document 2011 was adopted by 57 Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) participating states, including the states of Central Asia… Read More
Introduction Global Exchange of Military Information is an arms control annual exchange of information sponsored by the Organisation for Security and Co-Operation in Europe. Outline Under this agreement, all participating states exchange information about all of their military forces throughout the world. This exchange differs from that under the Vienna Document in that it is… Read More
Introduction The OSCE Minsk Group was created in 1992 by the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), now the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), to encourage a peaceful, negotiated resolution to the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh. Founding and Members The Helsinki Additional Meeting of the CSCE Council… Read More
You must be logged in to post a comment.