Events 539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar). 633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by the British under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd. 1398 – In the Treaty of Salynas, Lithuania cedes Samogitia… Read More

Events 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311. 1531 – Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland. 1614 – The New Netherland Company applies to the States General of the… Read More

Events 680 – The Battle of Karbala is won by the Umayyads under Yazid I. 732 – Charles Martel’s forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. 1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by King Christian I of Denmark. 1575 –… Read More

Events 768 – Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned kings of the Franks. 1238 – James I of Aragon founds the Kingdom of Valencia. 1594 – Troops of the Portuguese Empire are defeated on Sri Lanka, bringing an end to the Campaign of Danture. 1708 – Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle… Read More

Events 314 – At the Battle of Cibalae, Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories. 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat emperor Charles II (“the Bald”). 1322 – Mladen II Šubić of Bribir is deposed as the Croatian Ban after the… Read More

Events 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated at the Battle of Modon by a Venetian fleet. 1513 – War of the League of Cambrai: At the Battle of La Motta Spain defeats Venice. 1571 – The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first… Read More

Events 105 BC – Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio accelerates the Marian reforms of the Roman army. 69 BC – Third Mithridatic War: Forces of the Roman Republic subdue Armenia. AD 23 – Rebels decapitate Wang Mang two days after his capital was sacked during a peasant rebellion. 618 – Transition from… Read More