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What is a Line of Actual Control?

Introduction The Line of Actual Control (LAC; refer to Line of Control), in the context of the Sino-Indian border dispute, is a notional demarcation line that separates Indian-controlled territory from Chinese-controlled territory. The concept was introduced by Chinese premier Zhou Enlai in a 1959 letter to Jawaharlal Nehru as the “line up to which each… Read More

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What was Operation Brasstacks (1986-1987)?

Introduction Operation Brasstacks was a major combined arms military exercise of the Indian Armed Forces in Rajasthan state of India, that took place in 1986 until its execution in 1987. As part of a series of exercises to simulate the operational capabilities of the Indian armed forces, it was the major and largest mobilization of… Read More

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What is the Ordnance Factory Board (India)?

Introduction Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) consisting of the Indian Ordnance Factories is a Government agency under the control of department of defence production (DDP) Ministry of Defence (MoD), Government of India. It is engaged in research, development, production, testing, marketing and logistics of a product range in the areas of air, land and sea systems.… Read More

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What was the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947?

Introduction The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-1948, sometimes known as the First Kashmir War, was fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. Background It was the first of four Indo-Pakistan Wars fought between the two newly independent nations. Pakistan precipitated the war a few weeks after… Read More

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What was Operation Polo?

Introduction Operation Polo was the code name of the Hyderabad “police action” in September 1948, by the then newly independent Dominion of India against Hyderabad State. What was It? It was a military operation in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the Nizam-ruled princely state, annexing it into the Indian Union. Background At the time… Read More