Introduction The concept of absolute war was a theoretical construct developed by the Prussian military theorist General Carl von Clausewitz in his famous but unfinished philosophical exploration of war, Vom Kriege (in English, On War, 1832). It is discussed only in the first half of Book VIII (there are only a couple of references to… Read More
Introduction Hybrid warfare is a theory of military strategy, first proposed by Frank Hoffman, which employs political warfare and blends conventional warfare, irregular warfare, and cyberwarfare with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy, lawfare and foreign electoral intervention. By combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts, the aggressor intends to avoid attribution or retribution.… Read More
Introduction The grey-zone (also grey zone, gray zone, and gray-zone) describes the space in between peace and war in which state and non-state actors engage in competition. Refer to Proxy War and Hybrid Warfare. Brief History The concept of the grey-zone is built on existing military strategies; however, information technology has created radical new spaces… Read More
Introduction A proxy war is an armed conflict between two states or non-state actors, one or both of which act at the instigation or on behalf of other parties that are not directly involved in the hostilities. In order for a conflict to be considered a proxy war, there must be a direct, long-term relationship… Read More
Introduction Deterrence theory refers to the scholarship and practice of how threats or limited force by one party can convince another party to refrain from initiating some other course of action. The topic gained increased prominence as a military strategy during the Cold War with regard to the use of nuclear weapons and is related… Read More
Introduction Shock and awe (technically known as rapid dominance) is a military strategy based on the use of overwhelming power and spectacular displays of force to paralyse the enemy’s perception of the battlefield and destroy their will to fight. Though the concept has a variety of historical precedents, the doctrine was explained by Harlan K.… Read More
Introduction Cryptocurrencies, exemplified by Bitcoin and Ethereum, have stirred the financial realm since their genesis. Predominantly utilised in finance and commerce, these digital currencies harbour possibilities that far outreach their customary domains. This article scrutinises the conceivable role that cryptocurrencies can and do play in military endeavours, spotlighting the merits, potential implementations, and impediments that… Read More
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