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What was the Hungarian Red Terror (1919)?

Introduction The Red Terror in Hungary (Hungarian: vörösterror) was a period of repressive violence and suppression carried out by the Hungarian Communist Party in 1919 during the four-month period of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, primarily towards anti-communist forces, and others deemed “enemies of the state”. The new government followed the Bolshevik method: the party established… Read More

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What was the Red Terror (1918-1922)?

Introduction The Red Terror (Russian: красный террор, romanised: krasnyy terror) in Soviet Russia was a campaign of political repression and executions which was carried out by the Bolsheviks, chiefly through the Cheka, the Bolshevik secret police. It officially started in early September 1918 and lasted until 1922. Arising after assassination attempts on Vladimir Lenin and… Read More

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What was the Finnish Civil War (1918)?

Introduction The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 1918 (27 January 1918 to 15 May 1918) fought for the leadership and control of the country between White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers’ Republic (Red Finland) during the country’s transition from a grand duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent… Read More

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What was the White Terror (1945-1946)?

Introduction White Terror (Greek: Λευκή Τρομοκρατία) is the term used in Greece, analogous to similar cases, for the period of persecution of members of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) and other former members of the leftist World War II-era resistance organization National Liberation Front (EAM) in 1945-1946, prior to the outbreak of the Greek… Read More

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What was the White Terror (1919-1921)?

Introduction The White Terror in Hungary (Hungarian: Fehér Terror) was a two-year period (1919-1921) of repressive violence by counter-revolutionary soldiers, carried out to destroy any supporters of Hungary’s short-lived Soviet republic and its Red Terror. Tens of thousands were imprisoned without trial, and as many as 1,000 people were killed; many of the victims were… Read More

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What was the White Terror (1923)?

Introduction The September Uprising (Bulgarian: Септемврийско въстание, Septemvriysko vastanie) was a 1923 communist insurgency in Bulgaria. Outline The Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) attempted to overthrow Alexander Tsankov’s new government established following the coup d’état of 09 June. Also referred to as the White Terror (Bulgaria). This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article <… Read More

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What was the Second White Terror (1815-1816)?

Introduction The Second White Terror (French: Terreur blanche de 1815) occurred in France in 1815-1816, following the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815) and the enthronement of Louis XVIII as King of France after the Hundred Days. Suspected sympathizers of the French Revolution (including former Jacobins), Republicans, Bonapartists and, to… Read More