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What was the Western Union Defence Organisation (1948-1951)?

Introduction From April 1948, the member states of the Western Union (WU), decided to create a military agency under the name of the Western Union Defence Organisation (WUDO). WUDO was formally established on 27-28 September 1948. Objective The objective of WUDO was to provide for the coordination of defence between the five powers in the… Read More

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What was the Western Union (1948-1954)?

Introduction The Western Union (WU), also referred to as the Brussels Treaty Organisation (BTO), was the European military alliance established between France, the United Kingdom (UK) and the three Benelux countries in September 1948 in order to implement the Treaty of Brussels signed in March the same year. Under this treaty the signatories, referred to… Read More

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An Overview of the Allies of World War II

Introduction The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during the Second World War (1939-1945) to oppose the Axis powers, led by Nazi Germany, the Empire of Japan, and the Kingdom of Italy. Its principal members by the end of 1941 were the United Kingdom, United… Read More

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What is a Treaty of Friendship?

Introduction A treaty of friendship, also known as a friendship treaty, is a common generic name for any treaty establishing close ties between countries. Friendship treaties have been used for agreements about use and development of resources, territorial integrity, access to harbours, trading lanes and fisheries, and promises of cooperation. Whilst not common, there are… Read More

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An Overview of the Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia-Peru) (1873)

Introduction The Treaty of Defensive Alliance was a secret defence pact between Bolivia and Peru. Signed in the Peruvian capital, Lima, on 06 February 1873, the document was composed of eleven central articles that outlined its necessity and stipulations and one additional article that ordered the treaty to be kept secret until both contracting parties… Read More

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What is a Non-Aggression Pact?

Introduction A non-aggression pact or neutrality pact is a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise by the signatories not to engage in military action against each other. Such treaties may be described by other names, such as a treaty of friendship or non-belligerency, etc. Leeds, Ritter, Mitchell, & Long (2002) distinguish… Read More