What was the Cretan War (205-200 BC)?

Introduction The Cretan War (205-200 BC) was fought by King Philip V of Macedon, the Aetolian League, many Cretan cities (of which Olous and Hierapytna were the most important) and Spartan pirates against the forces of Rhodes and later Attalus I of Pergamum, Byzantium, Cyzicus, Athens, and Knossos. The Macedonians had just concluded the First… Read More

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What was the Second Macedonian War (200-197 BC)?

Introduction The Second Macedonian War (200-197 BC) was fought between Macedon, led by Philip V of Macedon, and Rome, allied with Pergamon and Rhodes. Philip was defeated and was forced to abandon all possessions in southern Greece, Thrace and Asia Minor. During their intervention, although the Romans declared the “freedom of the Greeks” against the… Read More

What was the First Macedonian War (214-205 BC)?

Introduction The First Macedonian War (214-205 BC) was fought by Rome, allied (after 211 BC) with the Aetolian League and Attalus I of Pergamon, against Philip V of Macedon, contemporaneously with the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) against Carthage. There were no decisive engagements, and the war ended in a stalemate. During the war, Macedon… Read More