Introduction Eliezer Grynbaum or Eliezer Gruenbaum (27 November 1908 to 22 May 1948) was a Polish Jewish communist activist. During World War II, he was a kapo in the Auschwitz concentration camp. After the war, he wrote memoirs about his experiences. Refer to Belsen Trials. Biography Eliezer Gruenbaum was born in Warsaw in 1908, the… Read More
Introduction A kapo or prisoner functionary (German: Funktionshäftling) was a prisoner in a Nazi camp who was assigned by the Schutzstaffel (SS) guards to supervise forced labour or carry out administrative tasks (refer to World War II). Also called “prisoner self-administration”, the prisoner functionary system minimised costs by allowing camps to function with fewer SS… Read More
Introduction Quisling (/ˈkwɪzlɪŋ/, Norwegian: [ˈkvɪ̂slɪŋ]) is a term used in Scandinavian languages and in English meaning a citizen or politician of an occupied country who collaborates with an enemy occupying force – or more generally as a synonym for traitor. The word originates from the surname of the Norwegian war-time leader Vidkun Quisling, who headed… Read More
Introduction Jash (Kurdish: جاش, romanised: Caş, lit. ’donkey’s foal’) is a Kurdish term for a traitor, or a type of collaborator, either a military unit composed of Kurds or an individual which cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish people, Kurdish political interests, or the Kurdish Army. The term is considered derogatory in a cultural sense,… Read More
Introduction Within nations occupied by the Axis powers in World War II, some citizens and organisations, prompted by antisemitism, nationalism, ethnic hatred, anti-communism and opportunism, collaborated with the Axis Powers. Collaborators committed some of the worst atrocities of the Holocaust. Collaboration has been defined as cooperation between elements of the population of a defeated state… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 