Introduction A military budget (or military expenditure), also known as a defence budget, is the amount of financial resources dedicated by a state to raising and maintaining an armed forces or other methods essential for defence purposes. A pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to SIPRI. Financing… Read More
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Introduction The National Defence Authorisation Act (NDAA) is the name for each of a series of United States federal laws specifying the annual budget and expenditures of the US Department of Defence. The first NDAA was passed in 1961. The US Congress oversees the defence budget primarily through two yearly bills: the National Defence Authorisation… Read More
Introduction Joint criminal enterprise (JCE) is a legal doctrine used during war crimes tribunals to allow the prosecution of members of a group for the actions of the group. This doctrine considers each member of an organised group individually responsible for crimes committed by group within the common plan or purpose. It arose through the… Read More
Introduction The War Crimes Act of 1996 is a law that defines a war crime to include a “grave breach of the Geneva Conventions”, specifically noting that “grave breach” should have the meaning defined in any convention (related to the laws of war) to which the US is a party. The definition of “grave breach”… Read More
Introduction Command responsibility (superior responsibility, the Yamashita standard, and the Medina standard) is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes. The legal doctrine of command responsibility stipulates that a superior officer (military commander or civilian leader) can be held legally responsible for war crimes committed by subordinates. The legal doctrine of command responsibility… Read More
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Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 