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A Brief Overview of the East Hopei Army?

Introduction The East Hopei Army (or East Hebei Army) was raised from the former soldiers of the Peace Preservation Corps that had been created by the Tangku Truce of 31 May 1933. The Demilitarised Zone Peace Preservation Corps had been the “neutral” force policing the demilitarised area south of the Great Wall when Yin Ju-keng,… Read More

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An Overview of the Manchukuo Imperial Army?

Introduction The Manchukuo Imperial Army (Chinese: 滿洲國軍; pinyin: Mǎnzhōuguó jūn) was the ground force of the military of the Empire of Manchukuo, a puppet state established by Imperial Japan in Manchuria, a region of northeastern China. The force was primarily used for fighting against Communist and Nationalist guerrillas in Manchukuo but also took part in… Read More

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A Brief Overview of the Collaborationist Chinese Army

Introduction The term Collaborationist Chinese Army refers to the military forces of the puppet governments founded by Imperial Japan in mainland China during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. They include the armies of the Provisional (1937-1940), Reformed (1938-1940) and Reorganised National Governments of the Republic of China (1940-1945), which absorbed the former… Read More

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What is Internment?

Introduction Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement “of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects”. Thus, while it can simply mean imprisonment, it tends to refer to preventive confinement rather than confinement after having been… Read More