Introduction The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record or Government gazettes of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices are required to be published. The London Gazette claims to be the oldest surviving English newspaper and the oldest… Read More
Introduction The Lam Sơn uprising (Vietnamese: Khởi nghĩa Lam Sơn) was the uprising led by Lê Lợi in Vietnam of 1418-1427 against Ming rule. Background This was a troubled time in Vietnam’s history as the Hồ dynasty in 1400 finally displaced the Trần dynasty and set about reforming the kingdom. Hồ rule was short lived… Read More
Introduction The Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động (1426) was the decisive battle in the 14-year Lam Sơn uprising which established Vietnam’s independence from Ming China in 1428. The Battle The battle took place over three days from 05-07 November 1426 in the Red River Valley between Tốt Động and Chúc Động, two villages… Read More
Introduction On 07 November 921, the Treaty of Bonn, the text of which calls itself a “pact of friendship” (amicitia), was signed between Charles III of France and Henry I of Germany in a minimalist ceremony aboard a ship in the middle of the Rhine not far from Bonn. Background The use of the river,… Read More
Introduction The Battle of Soissons was fought on 15 June 923 between an alliance of Frankish insurgent nobles led by Robert I, elected king in an assembly the year prior, and an army composed of Lotharingians, Normans, and Carolingian forces under King Charles III’s command. The battle took place at Soissons, near Aisne. Robert was… Read More
Events 963 – Synod of Rome: Emperor Otto I calls a council at St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Pope John XII is deposed on charges of an armed rebellion against Otto. 1792 – Battle of Jemappes in the French Revolutionary Wars. 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The republican government flees from Madrid to Valencia, leading… Read More
Introduction The Second Battle of Kiev was a part of a much wider Soviet offensive in Ukraine known as the Battle of the Dnieper (1943) involving three strategic operations by the Soviet Red Army and one operational counterattack by the Wehrmacht, which took place between 03 November and 22 December 1943 (The First Battle of… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 