Events 410 – The Visigoths under king Alaric I begin to pillage Rome. 1185 – Sack of Thessalonica by the Normans. 1215 – Pope Innocent III issues a bull declaring Magna Carta invalid. 1482 – The town and castle of Berwick upon Tweed is captured from Scotland by an English army. 1516 – The Ottoman… Read More
Introduction “A meritorious act or service which has aided the United States in the prosecution of a war against an enemy or enemies and for which an award of another United States medal or decoration is considered inappropriate” The Medal of Freedom was a decoration established by President Harry S. Truman to honour civilians whose… Read More
Introduction Margaret Elizabeth Doolin Utinsky (26 August 1900 to 30 August 1970) was an American nurse who worked with the Filipino resistance movement to provide medicine, food, and other items to aid Allied prisoners of war in the Philippines during World War II. She was recognised in 1946 with the Medal of Freedom for her… Read More
Introduction John Thomas “Mac” McAleese, MM (25 April 1949 to 26 August 2011) was a Scottish soldier who took part in several late 20th century conflicts with the British Army’s Royal Engineers and the Special Air Service Regiment, including the storming of the Iranian Embassy in London during a hostage taking siege incident in May… Read More
Introduction Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or of a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Empire, and the title came to be borne by rulers of some Imperial principalities… Read More
Events 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra. 20 BC – Ludi Volcanalici are held within the temple precinct of Vulcan, and used by… Read More
Events 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland. 1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scotland and England. 1485 – The Battle of Bosworth Field, the death of Richard III and the end of the House of Plantagenet. 1639 – Madras (now Chennai), India, is founded… Read More
Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 