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What was the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667)?

Introduction The Second Anglo-Dutch War or the Second Dutch War (04 March 1665 to 31 July 1667; Dutch: Tweede Engelse Oorlog “Second English War”) was a conflict between England and the Dutch Republic partly for control over the seas and trade routes, where England tried to end the Dutch domination of world trade during a… Read More

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What were the Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652-1784)?

Introduction The Anglo–Dutch Wars (Dutch: Engels-Nederlandse Oorlogen) were a series of conflicts mainly fought between the Dutch Republic and England (later Great Britain). The first three occurred in the second half of the 17th century over trade and overseas colonies, while the fourth was fought a century later. Almost all the battles were naval engagements.… Read More

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What was First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-1654)?

Introduction The First Anglo-Dutch War, or simply the First Dutch War, (Dutch: Eerste Engelse (zee-)oorlog, “First English (Sea) War”; 1652-1654) was a conflict fought entirely at sea between the navies of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands. It was largely caused by disputes over trade, and English historians also emphasise… Read More

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What was the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659)?

Introduction The Franco-Spanish War (19 May 1635 to 07 November 1659) was a military conflict fought by France and Spain, with other powers participating at different points. The first phase which began in 1635 and ended with the 1648 Peace of Westphalia is considered a related conflict of the Thirty Years’ War. The second phase… Read More

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What was the Anglo-Spanish War (1654-1660)?

Introduction The Anglo-Spanish War was a conflict between the English Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and Spain, between 1654 and 1660. It was caused by commercial rivalry. Each side attacked the other’s commercial and colonial interests in various ways such as privateering and naval expeditions. In 1655, an English amphibious expedition invaded Spanish territory in the… Read More

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What was the Hope Bay Incident (1952)?

Introduction The Hope Bay incident occurred in February 1952 at Hope Bay on the Antarctic Peninsula. It involved an Argentine naval party from their on shore base and a British landing party from their survey ship. Background During the 19th century there had been increasing interest by various countries in the uninhabited, largely unexplored, and… Read More