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What was the Anglo-Iraqi War (1941)?

Introduction The Anglo-Iraqi War was a British-led Allied military campaign during the Second World War against the Kingdom of Iraq under Rashid Ali, who had seized power in the 1941 Iraqi coup d’état, with assistance from Germany and Italy. The campaign resulted in the downfall of Ali’s government, the re-occupation of Iraq by the British,… Read More

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What was the 1941 Iraqi Coup D’etat?

Introduction The 1941 Iraqi coup d’état (Arabic: ثورة رشيد عالي الكيلاني‎, Thawrah Rašīd ʿAlī al-Kaylānī), also called the Rashid Ali Al-Gaylani coup or the Golden Square coup, was a nationalist coup d’état in Iraq on 01 April 1941 that overthrew the pro-British regime of Regent ‘Abd al-Ilah and his Prime Minister Nuri al-Said and installed… Read More

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What was the Fantana Alba Massacre (1941)?

Introduction The Fântâna Albă massacre took place on 01 April 1941, in Northern Bukovina when between 44 and 3,000 civilians were killed when their attempt to cross the border from the Soviet Union to Romania, near the village of Fântâna Albă, now in Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine, was met with open fire by the Soviet Border… Read More

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What is Victory Day (Malta)?

Introduction Victory Day (or Otto settembre) is a public holiday celebrated in Malta on 08 September and recalls the end of three historical sieges made on the Maltese archipelago, namely: the Great Siege of Malta by the Ottoman Empire ending in 1565; the Siege of Valletta by the French Blockade ending in 1800; and, the… Read More

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What was the Tripartite Pact (1940)?

Introduction The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburō Kurusu. It was a defensive military alliance that was eventually joined by Hungary (20 November 1940), Romania (23 November 1940), Bulgaria… Read More

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What was the Slovak-Hungarian War (1939)?

Introduction The Slovak–Hungarian War, or Little War (Hungarian: Kis háború, Slovak: Malá vojna), was a war fought from 23 March to 31 March 1939 between the First Slovak Republic and Hungary in eastern Slovakia. Refer to World War II (1939-1945). Background After the Munich Pact, which weakened Czech lands to the west, Hungarian forces remained… Read More

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What was Executive Order 9102?

Introduction Executive Order 9102 is a United States presidential executive order creating the War Relocation Authority (WRA), the US civilian agency responsible for the forced relocation and internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II. The executive order was signed by President Franklin Roosevelt on 18 March 1942, and it officially expired on 30 June 1946.… Read More