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What was the Siege of Zamość (1656)?

Introduction Siege of Zamość was part of The Deluge, a series of campaigns in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, that took place in early 1656. Part of the Second Northern War, 1655-1660. Background In the summer of 1655, the joint Russo-Cossack army approached the fortress, but did not try to capture it. During the Deluge in 1655,… Read More

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What was the Battle of Gołąb (1656)?

Introduction The Battle of Gołąb was fought on either 18 or 19 February 1656 between forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Stefan Czarniecki on one side, and on the other Swedish Empire’s army commanded by Charles X Gustav. This battle was essentially a meeting engagement with Swedish troops arriving on the battlefield at different… Read More

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What was the Battle of Wojnicz (1655)?

Introduction The Battle of Wojnicz was fought on 03 October 1655 between forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Field Crown Hetman Stanisław Lanckoroński and Great Crown Hetman Stanisław Rewera Potocki on one side, and on the other Swedish forces commanded by Charles X Gustav. The battle ended in Swedish victory. Part of the Second… Read More

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What was the Battle of Żarnów (1655)?

Introduction The Battle of Żarnów was fought on 16 September 1655, between the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, commanded by John II Casimir and the forces of the Swedish Empire, commanded by Charles X Gustav. The result ended with a Swedish victory. Part of the Second Northern War, 1655-1660. Background The Swedish army captured Warsaw… Read More

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What was the Battle of Ujście (1655)?

Introduction The Battle of Ujście was fought on 24-25 July 1655 between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Krzysztof Opaliński and Andrzej Grudziński on one side, and on the other Swedish forces commanded by Arvid Wittenberg. Krzysztof Opaliński and Bogusław Leszczyński, dissatisfied with policies of King John II Casimir of Poland, decided to become… Read More

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What was the Second Northern War (1655-1660)?

Introduction The Second Northern War (1655-1660, also First or Little Northern War; and one of several Northern Wars) was fought between Sweden and its adversaries the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1655-1660), the Moscow Tsardom (1656-1658), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657-1660), the Habsburg Monarchy (1657-1660) and Denmark-Norway (1657-1658 and 1658-1660). The Dutch Republic often intervened against Sweden in an informal trade… Read More

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What were the Northern Wars (1554-1721)?

“Northern Wars” is a term used for a series of wars fought in northern and northeastern Europe in the 16th and 17th century. An internationally agreed nomenclature for these wars has not yet been devised. While the Great Northern War is generally considered to be the last of the Northern Wars, there are different scholarly… Read More